Back Ground
Cables are subject to strumming when the water current
flows past the cable. Typically this is evident as a rapid sideways motion
of the cable in the 2 Hz to 20 Hz frequency range. This strumming causes
cable fatigue and increased drag in both towed cables and fixed cables that
are subject to current flow.
The cable strumming is caused when the perpendicular
component of water flow increases to the point that the flow separates as
it goes around the cable. The resulting vortex that sheds has a rotation
that causes a reduction in pressure on one side of the cable. This causes
the cable to move in that direction and results in the next vortex that sheds
to rotate in the opposite direction. The resulting alternate shedding of
vortices causes a rapid side to side oscillation in the cable.
This oscillation causes fatigue in the cable which
results in premature failure and increases the effective projected area of
the cable resulting in significantly increased drag. For towed systems this
reduces the operating depth or the maximum towing speed of the towed body
and increases the cable length requirement. For moored systems the operating
life of the cable can be significantly reduced and the drag and resultant
depression with current flow is increased. In extreme cases, this strumming
induced increased drag can cause a surface buoy to submerge.
SDI "FAIRWRAP" cable fairing is intended to minimize
or eliminate this strumming by preventing this alternating vortex shedding.
Fairwrap is installed by wrapping successive layers of fairing material around
the cable and overlapping previous layers to lock the fairing to the cable.
The fairing is further secured with rubber binders to lock it in position
on the cable. The rubber binder material is self vulcanizing and as such
is subject to degradation in UV light. A UV vinyl tape covering is added
to the rubber binder for applications where the cable may spend time on a
reel. The result is a uniform distribution of fairing fingers around the
cable. Fairwrap is not required to rotate to align itself to the current,
nor can it be washed up the cable by the current or stripped off in high
currents as with zip on or hook and loop attached fairings. Fairwrap cable
fairing is available for cable sizes from 1/4" to 3" in diameter.
Towing tests of SDI's Fairwrap cable fairing shows
drag reductions at all towing speeds subject to strumming. Strumming is a
function of tow speed, cable diameter and cable tension and in all test cases
the cable strumming was effectively eliminated. Cable accelerations were
reduced 98% to 99.5% over an unfaired cable tested under the same conditions.
The total drag is reduced approximately 0 to 10% over a non-strumming cable
and up to 40% over a strumming cable.